The process of catalytic cracking, which is crucial to the oil business, involves passing petroleum vapour over a low-density bed of catalyst, which causes the heavier fractions to "break" and yield lighter, more valuable products. Gasoline, olefinic gases, and other petroleum products are produced at petroleum refineries by the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process, which transforms the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum (crude oils). Thermal cracking was once the primary method for breaking down petroleum hydrocarbons, but catalytic cracking has largely taken its place. Catalytic cracking produces more high-octane gasoline and by-product gases with higher levels of carbon-carbon double bonds (also known as olefins), which have higher economic value than the gases created by thermal cracking.
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