Isomerization

The process of isomerization involves changing a molecule, polyatomic ion, or molecular fragment into an isomer with a different chemical structure. Tautomerization and enolization are two instances of isomerization. It is possible to refer to an intramolecular isomerization as a rearrangement reaction. Both isomers will be in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with one another when the reaction's activation energy is low enough. With good agreement between observed and calculated data, many values of the standard free energy difference have been calculated. The cracking procedure used in the petrochemical industry results in skeletal isomerization. The following reaction of n-butane to i-butane shows how straight-chain hydrocarbons are transformed into branched isomers as well as having their average chain length decreased.