A hydrogen atom (H) that is covalently attached to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group (Dn) and another electronegative atom containing a single pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor—are attracted to one another by an electrostatic force (Ac). The second-row elements nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and fluorine (F) are used as donors and acceptors the most frequently (F). Intermolecular (between different molecules) or intramolecular hydrogen bonds are two different types of hydrogen bonding (occurring among parts of the same molecule). A hydrogen bond's energy can range from 1 to 40 kcal/mol and is influenced by its shape, surroundings, and the characteristics of the particular donor and acceptor atoms. They are therefore not totally covalent but are a little stronger than a van der Waals connection.
Stanislaw Dzwigaj
Sorbonne University, France
Thomas J Webster
Brown University, United States
Dai Yeun Jeong
Asia Climate Change Education Center, Korea, Republic of
Sergey Suchkov
N.D. Zelinskii Institute for Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
Jiri Dedecek
J Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Republic
Vladimir G Chigrinov
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Russian Federation
Osman Adiguzel
Firat University, Turkey
Uday Som
Shizuoka University, Japan
Rabeharitsara Andry Tahina
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