The utilization of carbon materials in catalysis has revolutionized various industrial processes, offering sustainable and efficient solutions for chemical transformations. Among the diverse carbon materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) stand out as promising catalysts due to their exceptional properties. CNTs exhibit high surface area, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity, making them suitable candidates for catalytic applications such as hydrogen storage, pollutant degradation, and energy conversion.
Graphene, another carbon allotrope, has garnered significant interest in catalysis due to its unique two-dimensional structure and remarkable properties. Graphene-based catalysts demonstrate high catalytic activity and selectivity in reactions such as oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, and CO2 conversion. The large surface area and tunable electronic structure of graphene facilitate enhanced catalytic performance and stability. Moreover, carbon-supported metal catalysts have emerged as efficient catalyst systems for various chemical transformations. Carbon materials serve as excellent supports for metal nanoparticles, preventing agglomeration and providing a stable platform for catalytic reactions. These catalysts exhibit superior activity, selectivity, and durability in processes such as oxidation, hydrogenation, and electrocatalysis. In addition to their intrinsic properties, the catalytic performance of carbon materials can be further enhanced through surface engineering and functionalization. Tailoring the surface chemistry and morphology of carbon materials enables precise control over catalytic activity and selectivity, thereby optimizing their performance in specific reactions.
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