Title : Biodegradable detergent and its impact on environment and economy
Abstract:
Global detergent consumption, projected to reach USD 110.65 billion by 2029, has amplified environmental concerns associated with conventional synthetic formulations. Traditional surfactant-based detergents—primarily derived from petroleum products, phosphates, and non-biodegradable additives—not only persist in the environment but also contribute to river foaming, aquatic ecosystem disruption, and long-term water quality deterioration. Addressing these challenges, our research introduces a fully biodegradable detergent formulated using Alpha-Olefin Sulfate (AOS) in combination with agro-based raw materials as sustainable replacements for petroleum-derived components.
This eco-innovative formulation leverages enzyme-based biocatalysis (cellulase, lipase, amylase, and protease) to enhance stain removal under mild washing conditions, thereby lowering energy consumption, reducing carbon footprints, and extending fabric life. Performance parameters—foam volume, surface tension, pH, viscosity, and cleaning efficiency—were systematically evaluated against commercial detergents. Results demonstrate that the AOS–agro-based blend not only matches conventional cleaning performance but also degrades rapidly, minimizes ecological toxicity, and effectively curbs persistent river foaming.
By replacing petrochemical surfactants with renewable agricultural feedstock’s, the technology supports local manufacturing, promotes rural entrepreneurship, reduces petrochemical dependency, and strengthens the framework of a sustainable, circular economy. This study underscores the pivotal role of catalysis and chemical engineering in driving the next generation of green surfactant technologies for a cleaner and economically resilient future.
